My research has focused on the Andean area of Latin America, most specifically on Peru. I have written about agrarian history, economic history, indigenous communities, racial formations, nineteenth century liberalism, civil wars, rebellions and revolutions and political cultures. Focusing on the period from the late colonial period to the Great Depression (ca. 1780-1930), my goal has been to explore the formation of the modern nation of Peru, in comparison to other Latin American nations and nation-states in Europe, through a multifaceted lense that takes into consideration economic, social, cultural and political constellations, conflicts and changes, and their reflections in among contemporary writers.